Embedded Programming

Embedded Programming Slides

architectures

• von Neumann, Harvard
• RISC, CISC
• microprocessor, microcontroller
• GPU, TPU
• FPGA, TinyFPGA, ASICs, difference

memory

• registers (instructions)
• SRAM (fast)
• DRAM (big)
• EEPROM (non-volatile)
• FLASH (programs, strings)
• fuse (configuration)

peripherals

• ports
• A/D
• comparator
• D/A
• timer/counter/PWM
• USART
• USB
• …

word size

• 8
• 16
• 32
• 64

processor families

• 8051
• PIC
• MSP
• AVR
  • MCU Quick Reference Guide
  • ATtiny412, ATtiny45
  • ATtiny1614, ATtiny44
  • ATtiny3216, ATmega328
• ARM
  • D11C, D11D
• Raspberry Pi
  • RP2040
    • 32-bit dual-core
    • 133 MHz clock
    • 264k SRAM
    • programmable peripherals
  • RP2350
• Xtensa
  • ESP8266
  • ESP32
• RISC-V
  • open architecture
  • ESP32-C3, ESP32-C6

• PSoC, xCORE, Propeller, Lattice, NVIDIA

• Articles
  • Getting Started with the new ATtiny chips
  • Fabricable Arduino boards

vendors

• Octopart
• DigiKey
• Mouser
• RS Components
• Element14
• SparkFun
• Adafruit

packages

• common packages
  • DIP
  • SOT
  • SOIC
  • TSSOP
  • TQFP
  • LQFP
  • BGA

Embedded Programming Languages

• assembly language
  • hex file
  • instruction set, opcodes
  • mnemonics, directives, expressions
  • avr-as
  • inline
• C
  • programming
  • GCC
    • make files
    • bit operations
  • AVR
    • libc modules types math benchmarks
    • avr-libc binutils-avr gcc-avr
    • homebrew-avr
  • ARM
    • gcc-arm-none-eabi gdb-multiarch
    • homebrew-arm
  • Microchip
    • ASF
    • Studio
    • toolchains packs
• Interpreters
• AVRSH
• BASIC
• FORTH
• Espruino
• MicroPython CircuitPython

Generative AI

• Coding
  • ChatGPT, Copilot, Claude, Gemini, Deepseek
  • bugs, hallucination, copyright infringement
• embedded
  • LiteRT, TinyML, ESP-DL, Edge Impulse

Operating Systems

• FreeRTOS
• TinyOS
• Mbed OS
• ROS

in-system development

• ISP (AVR)
  • software
    • avrdude
  • hardware
    • header pads clip pins
    • Atmel-ICE
    • Arduino
    • ATmega16U2-based ISP/PDI programmer Zaerc
    • FabtinyISP: Brian
• UPDI (AVR 0,1-series)
  • software

    • pyupdi install: pip3 install intelhex pylint pyserial

      program: python3 pyupdi.py -d your_processor -c your_port -b your_baud_rate -f your_hex -v

    • hardware

      • hello.serial-UPDI.FT230X board components traces interior
      • hello.USB-UPDI.FT230X board components traces interior
      • Arduino nano
• JTAG (ARM)
  • software
    • [OpenOCD]j(http://openocd.org/)
    • EDBG program: edbg -b -t target_type -pv -f binary_file read fuses: edbg -b -t target_type -F r,*,file_name write fuses: edbg -b -t target_type -F w,high_bit:low_bit,bit_value
  • hardware
    • Atmel-ICE
    • PICO
    • GoodFET
    • Raspberry Pi
    • Free-DAP hello.CMSIS-DAP.10.D11C board components traces interior hello.CMSIS-DAP.4.D11C board components traces interior hello.SWD.10-4 board components traces interior binary video
• bootloader (all)

development environments

• Atmel Studio
• Arduino
• Eclipse AVR
• Firefly
• Scratch
• Modkit

development boards

• boards
  • Atmel
  • Adafruit
  • Sparkfun
  • Polulu
  • MattairTech
  • Seeed Studio Xiao
• Arduino
  • board + toolchain + libraries + IDE + bootloader + header
  • programming
    • C++
    • Create
    • Codebender
    • Ardublock
  • original
    • Fabkit
    • Fabio
    • satshakit
    • hello.328P
  • cores
    • ATtiny
    • tinyAVR
    • SAMD
    • ESP8266
    • ESP32

debugging

• debugging
  • hardware
    • Atmel ICE
    • inspect, reflow solder joints
    • check component orientation, values
    • verify data sheets
    • confirm connector orientation
    • measure supply voltages
    • probe I/O signals
  • software
    • blink LED
    • add print statements
    • use embedded debugger
      • gdb, ddd
      • Atmel Studio

simulation

• Tinkercad Circuits
• Wokwi

clocks

• types
  • RC (10%, 1% calibrated)
  • ceramic (0.5%)
  • quartz (50 ppm)
• PLL
• Crystal, Resonator, difference

host communication

• RS232
  • bit timing
• VT100/ANSI/ISO/ECMA terminal
  • Minicom
  • Arduino
  • Putty
• USB
  • software
    • V-USB
  • hardware
    • LUFA ASF Arduino
• FTDI
  • drivers
  • libFTDI zadig
  • cable
  • chip
    • hello.USB-serial.FT230X board components traces interior
  • CH340G, CH340E drivers

Development Board Examples

RP2040

• XIAO pinout hello.button-blink.RP2040 board components traces interior hello.button-blink.RP2040.1.ino 1.py 2.ino 2.py video blink-echo.ino blink-echo.py ws2812.py video Pico Doom

ESP32

• ESP32-C3 XIAO pinout hello.button-blink.C3 board components traces interior hello.button-blink.C3.ino hello.button-blink.C3.py video

• ESP32-WROOM-32 module [versions]{https://www.espressif.com/en/products/modules} ESP32-WROOM-echo board components traces traces+exterior holes interior echo.ino video ring.ino Python video

• ESP32
  • ESP32-WROOM-32
    • hello.ESP32-WROOM components traces holes interior
      echo.ino video
      Python video
• ESP8266
  • ESP-01
    • hello.ESP-01 components traces holes interior
      echo.ino video
  • ESP-WROOM-02D
    • hello.ESP-WROOM-02D components traces holes interior
      echo.ino video Python video
• ATtiny412
  • hello.t412.blink components traces interior
    timing blink.ino video
  • hello.t412.echo components traces interior
    UART echo.ino video
  • Pinout (for Arduino IDE)
• ATtiny45
  • hello.ftdi.45 components traces interior pin re-use
    ports port.c port.make port.ino port.write.ino
    echo.ino echo.serial.ino video
  • Pinout (for Arduino IDE)
• ATtiny1614
  • hello.t1614.echo components traces interior
    echo.ino video
  • Pinout (for Arduino IDE)
• ATSAMD11C
  • hello.D11C.blink components traces interior
    blink.c blink.make bootloader blink.ino video
  • Pin reference for Arduino IDE

assignment

• individual assignment:
  • browse through a microcontroller datasheet (rp2040), datasheet (esp32-c3)
  • (using a software simulator) program your microcontroller board to do something,
  • with as many different programming languages and programming environments as possible

More Examples

• Steven
• Adrian
• Yeo GS
• Noel